A term used by The Dow Theory author, Robert Rhea, to describe the day-to-day fluctuations in stock market prices. Rhea wrote that three simultaneous movements of stock prices occur that can be compared to tides, waves, and ripples. Rhea's book, The Dow Theory, published in 1932, suggested that speculators attempt to ride the tides and the occasional big waves, and that only reckless investors would ever attempt to profit from day-to-day price ripples. 

 

A rate of return is the gain or loss on an investment over a specified time period, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s cost. Gains on investments are defined as income received plus any capital gains realized on the sale of the investment.

 

 

A recession is a significant decline in activity across the economy, lasting longer than two consecutive quarters. It is visible in industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale-retail trade. The technical indicator of a recession is two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth as measured by a country's gross domestic product (GDP).

 

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